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finite charge distribution

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  • Charge ordering — (CO) is a (first or second order) phase transition occurring mostly in strongly correlated materials such as transition metal oxides or organic conductors. Due to the strong interaction, the charge is localized on different sites leading to a… …   Wikipedia

  • Quantum finite automata — In quantum computing, quantum finite automata or QFA are a quantum analog of probabilistic automata. They are related to quantum computers in a similar fashion as finite automata are related to Turing machines. Several types of automata may be… …   Wikipedia

  • space charge — noun : an electric charge (as the electrons in the region near the filament of a vacuum tube) distributed throughout a three dimensional region as distinguished from the electrostatic surface charge on a conductor * * * Elect. a distribution of… …   Useful english dictionary

  • space charge — Elect. a distribution of an excess of electrons or ions over a three dimensional region, in contrast to the distribution of an electric charge over the surface of a conductor. [1910 15] * * * ▪ physics       electrical charge distributed through… …   Universalium

  • Double layer (plasma) — This article is about the structure in plasma physics. For other uses, see Double layer. Saturnian aurora whose reddish colour is characteristic of ionized hydrogen plasma.[1] Powered by the Saturnian equivalent of (filamentary) Birkeland… …   Wikipedia

  • liquid — liquidly, adv. liquidness, n. /lik wid/, adj. 1. composed of molecules that move freely among themselves but do not tend to separate like those of gases; neither gaseous nor solid. 2. of, pertaining to, or consisting of liquids: a liquid diet. 3 …   Universalium

  • Multipole expansion — A multipole expansion is a mathematical series representing a function that depends on angles usually the two angles on a sphere. These series are useful because they can often be truncated, meaning that only the first few terms need to be… …   Wikipedia

  • Dipole — This article is about the electromagnetic phenomenon. For other uses, see dipole (disambiguation). The Earth s magnetic field, approximated as a magnetic dipole. However, the N and S (north and south) poles are labeled here geographically, which… …   Wikipedia

  • Stark effect — The Stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external static electric field. The amount of splitting and or shifting is called the Stark splitting or Stark shift. In general one …   Wikipedia

  • chemical bonding — ▪ chemistry Introduction       any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other stable species that make up the familiar substances of the everyday world. When atoms approach one another …   Universalium

  • Shot noise — Photon noise simulation. Shot noise is a type of electronic noise that may be dominant when the finite number of particles that carry energy (such as electrons in an electronic circuit or photons in an optical device) is sufficiently small so… …   Wikipedia

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